What Is Mountaineering?
Mountaineering, also called mountain climbing, is the sport in which a team attempts to reach high points and summits in mountain terrain. The goal is usually enjoyment and health.
Unlike most other outdoor sports, mountaineering takes place entirely in the natural environment, with no prepared field of play. Its expected and unexpected situations test the climber’s tolerance for risk, and in return the climber gains a rare and unrepeatable view of nature from a unique perspective.
Mountaineering consists of three main disciplines: hiking, rock climbing, and snow and ice climbing. Each includes a wide variety of categories, and even the most accomplished mountaineers have varying degrees of competence in each.
Despite its risks, mountaineering emphasizes group cooperation more than most other sports, because any mistake can be very costly. Beyond the pleasure of reaching the summit, climbers gain physical and spiritual satisfaction from persevering in tough conditions and striving for success.
Hiking
Hiking is an inseparable part of mountaineering. In hiking, one foot is placed in front of the other until the destination is reached. Hiking and climbing are the most energy-consuming parts of a mountaineering trip, but they also give climbers the opportunity to take in and enjoy the surrounding nature.
Rock Climbing
Rock climbing is also an inseparable part of mountaineering. It is usually practiced on a local cliff in simple conditions to prepare for the actual climb. In rock climbing, one needs to master the use of the rope, as well as control and rhythm.
Snow and Ice Climbing
Snow and ice climbing covers travel on snow slopes, glaciers, and frozen terrain. It requires specialized equipment such as crampons and an ice axe, along with skills in route-finding, rope work, and assessing snow and weather conditions.
Mountaineering in Iran
Iran has mountain ranges in its west, center, north, northeast, and northwest, with more than 30 peaks above 3,000 m, making it a paradise for professional mountaineers. Damavand, the highest peak in Iran and the highest volcano in Asia, rises to 5,610 m above sea level. It is located in Mazandaran province, north of Tehran.
This geographical endowment attracts many tourists and climbers to Iran and calls for professionally managed mountaineering tours. Pars Tourist Agency, a pioneering travel agency in southern Iran, offers such services, led by professional mountaineers and in cooperation with official mountaineering associations and organizations. Services are delivered in English and, on request, in French, Spanish, and German.
Safety and Preparation
Mountaineering demands professionalism, standards, and sound technique. Safety comes first, and it includes nutrition, clothing, and equipment, as well as your physical fitness and your ability to put your knowledge into practice. Preparing well is the first step toward the passion of climbing.
The Ten Essential Systems
Every climb requires a minimum set of essentials, known as the Ten Essential Systems. They are drawn from the textbook Mountaineering: The Freedom of the Hills (pp. 34-38) and supplemented with the experience of the Mountaineering Research & Development Department of PTA:
Navigation: map, compass, and altimeter or GPS
Sun protection: sunscreen, lip balm, and sunglasses with side shields
Insulation: extra clothing for low temperatures and low air pressure
Illumination: headlamp with spare bulb and batteries
First-aid supplies
Fire: fire starter and matches
Repair kit and tools: including a knife
Nutrition: extra food, especially sweet, low-fat items such as dates
Hydration: extra water
Emergency shelter
